{"id":2042077,"date":"2024-05-23T09:43:51","date_gmt":"2024-05-23T09:43:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nimbo.net\/bewertungsmethoden"},"modified":"2026-05-07T10:51:14","modified_gmt":"2026-05-07T10:51:14","slug":"valuation-methods","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nimbo.net\/en\/valuation-methods","title":{"rendered":"The Top 4 company valuation methods for 2026 (with examples)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\">The four most important methods for calculating company value for small and medium-sized enterprises are the Multiple method, the asset-based approach, the Income Approach, and the DCF method. Here&#8217;s what you need to know about each method. Simply explained and with examples.  <\/p>\n<style>.kb-row-layout-wrap.wp-block-kadence-rowlayout.kb-row-layout-id_9f0bc7-59{margin-top:30px;margin-bottom:30px;}.kb-row-layout-id_9f0bc7-59 > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id_9f0bc7-59 > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id_9f0bc7-59 > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);max-width:1000px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-top:10px;padding-right:10px;padding-bottom:10px;padding-left:10px;grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}.kb-row-layout-id_9f0bc7-59{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kb-row-layout-id_9f0bc7-59{border-top:0.5px solid var(--global-palette4, #2D3748);border-right:0.5px solid var(--global-palette4, #2D3748);border-bottom:0.5px solid var(--global-palette4, #2D3748);border-left:0.5px solid var(--global-palette4, #2D3748);}.kb-row-layout-id_9f0bc7-59{background-image:url('https:\/\/www.nimbo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/NIMBO_Sc_05_2-no-background-e1649249520508.png');background-size:cover;background-position:center center;background-attachment:scroll;background-repeat:no-repeat;}.kb-row-layout-id_9f0bc7-59 > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.90;background-color:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id_9f0bc7-59 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id_9f0bc7-59{border-top:0.5px solid var(--global-palette4, #2D3748);border-right:0.5px solid var(--global-palette4, #2D3748);border-bottom:0.5px solid var(--global-palette4, #2D3748);border-left:0.5px solid var(--global-palette4, #2D3748);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id_9f0bc7-59 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}.kb-row-layout-id_9f0bc7-59{border-top:0.5px solid var(--global-palette4, #2D3748);border-right:0.5px solid var(--global-palette4, #2D3748);border-bottom:0.5px solid var(--global-palette4, #2D3748);border-left:0.5px solid var(--global-palette4, #2D3748);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id_9f0bc7-59 aligncenter has-theme-palette8-background-color kt-row-has-bg wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-layout-overlay kt-row-overlay-normal\"><\/div><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-1-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column_31e235-46 > .kt-inside-inner-col{display:flex;}.kadence-column_31e235-46 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column_31e235-46 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column_31e235-46 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;justify-content:center;}.kadence-column_31e235-46 > .kt-inside-inner-col > *, .kadence-column_31e235-46 > .kt-inside-inner-col > figure.wp-block-image, .kadence-column_31e235-46 > .kt-inside-inner-col > figure.wp-block-kadence-image{margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;}.kadence-column_31e235-46 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image-is-ratio-size{flex-grow:1;}.kadence-column_31e235-46 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column_31e235-46{text-align:center;}.kadence-column_31e235-46{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column_31e235-46 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column_31e235-46 > .kt-inside-inner-col > *, .kadence-column_31e235-46 > .kt-inside-inner-col > figure.wp-block-image, .kadence-column_31e235-46 > .kt-inside-inner-col > figure.wp-block-kadence-image{margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;}.kadence-column_31e235-46 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image-is-ratio-size{flex-grow:1;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column_31e235-46 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:flex-start;justify-content:center;}.kadence-column_31e235-46 > .kt-inside-inner-col > *, .kadence-column_31e235-46 > .kt-inside-inner-col > figure.wp-block-image, .kadence-column_31e235-46 > .kt-inside-inner-col > figure.wp-block-kadence-image{margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;}.kadence-column_31e235-46 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image-is-ratio-size{flex-grow:1;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column_31e235-46 kb-section-has-link kb-section-dir-horizontal inner-column-1\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">Online business valuation, free of charge and without registration, immediate evaluation, 13-page report, algorithm based on thousands of evaluations <br\/><br\/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nimbo.net\/en\/nimbo-business-valuation-calculator\"><strong>&gt; Go to the online business valuation &lt;<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nimbo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Google-Reviews.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2014773\" width=\"130\" height=\"30\"\/><\/figure><\/div><\/div><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nimbo.net\/en\/nimbo-business-valuation-calculator\" class=\"kb-section-link-overlay\"><\/a><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-left\" id=\"h-die-multiplemethode\">The Multiple Method<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"><em>For an overview of our current <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nimbo.net\/en\/valuation-multiples\">market data on valuation multiples<\/a><em>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-bewertung-basiskennzahl-multipliziert-mit-dem-bewertungsmultiple\">Valuation = Key Metric Multiplied by the Valuation Multiple<\/h3>\n\n<p>The multiple method (also known as the &#8220;multiplier method&#8221;) is a method frequently used in the field of mergers and acquisitions. The method allows a quick check of whether an asking price for the sale of a company is realistic and appropriate on both the buyer and seller side.  <\/p>\n\n<p>This is based on the prices currently achieved by comparable companies that have already been sold. One examines for what multiple (&#8220;multiple&#8221;, &#8220;multiplier&#8221;) these companies were sold and applies this factor to the company to be valued. Multiples can, for example, be multiples of earnings before interest and taxes (&#8220;EBIT multiple&#8221;), of earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization (EBITDA multiple), or of sales (&#8220;Revenue multiple&#8221;).<\/p>\n\n<p>The method is primarily suitable for companies that have been in existence for some time. Here, a multi-year profit trend can be used as a basis for valuation. The better the empirical values, the more meaningful the result will be. In any case, it is advisable to use the multiple method in addition to the plausibility check of a company value that has resulted from another method.<\/p>\n\n<p>The indicative value of the company determined with the multiple corresponds to the &#8220;enterprise value&#8221;. This is the value of equity plus financial debt. This means that for the value of the equity, the financial liabilities must be deducted from the calculated enterprise value.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-bewertung-mit-der-ebit-multiple-methode\">Valuation using the EBIT Multiple Method<\/h3>\n\n<p>When valuing a company using the EBIT Multiple Method, the average net earnings before interest and taxes (&#8220;EBIT&#8221;) of recent years are multiplied by the EBIT Multiple. Profit before taxes and interest is considered so that the multiples remain comparable for companies with different tax rates and debt structures. For smaller companies with up to 20 million in revenue, the observed range for multiples is mainly between 4 and 10. A multiplier of 6 or higher indicates high attractiveness of the company.   Where the company falls within this range depends not only on the figures but also on various &#8220;soft factors.&#8221; <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-nimbo-verwendet-ebitc-multiples-zur-firmenwertberechnung\">NIMBO uses EBITC Multiples for company valuation<\/h3>\n\n<p>This is based on EBIT plus total executive compensation (gross salary, employer contributions to social security, car expenses).<\/p>\n\n<p>In smaller companies, the managing director can determine his own salary within certain limits. The &#8220;EBITC&#8221; allows a comparison with the profitability of other companies without distortions due to wages above or below the market wage, peculiarities in capital structures and different tax rates. In the EBIT variant, an adjustment of the managing director&#8217;s salary is also made; however, NIMBO prefers the EBITC variant because, from an empirical perspective, it can better explain observed purchase offers than the EBIT variant.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-bewertung-mit-der-ebitda-multiple-methode\">Valuation using the EBITDA Multiple Method<\/h3>\n\n<p>In contrast to EBIT, EBITDA (earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization) does not include depreciation and amortization. For the same EBIT, the EBITDA of an asset-intensive company can be significantly higher than that of a personnel-intensive one.<\/p>\n\n<p>For capital-intensive companies with a high net asset value (NAV), it makes sense from a buyer&#8217;s perspective to work with EBITDA Multiples, as the amount of depreciation allows for a certain leeway, which can distort the result. The phase of the investment cycle in which the company currently finds itself should also always be taken into consideration. Are there any investments to be made?<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-bewertung-mit-umsatz-multiples\">Valuation with sales multiples<\/h3>\n\n<p>From an investor&#8217;s point of view, the potential profit of a company is of particular interest. However, if the current profit is not meaningful, very small or even negative, another ratio, such as sales, should be considered. This may make sense, for example, if the purchaser believes in improving the return on sales with its own existing, more efficient cost structures. The potential buyer takes a greater risk with this method and must believe that the company will make a profit in the future.  <\/p>\n\n<p>A sales multiple valuation can also be used as a supplement or to validate other valuations.<\/p>\n\n<p>Sales multiples are significantly smaller than EBIT multiples. The observed range is mostly between 0.2 and 2, depending on the industry, profitability, growth prospects and some other factors. For low-growth and unprofitable or barely profitable companies, sales multiples between 0.2-0.6 are realistic. Depending on the revenue, even a 0.1 change in the sales multiple can have a significant impact on the company&#8217;s value.<\/p>\n\n<p>If a valuation is performed using both EBIT and sales multiples, and the sales multiple valuation yields a higher value than the EBIT multiple valuation, this indicates a lower return on sales compared to peer companies.<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group notepad has-border-color has-background\" style=\"border-color:var(--global-palette3);border-width:1px;border-radius:10px;padding-top:0;background-image:url(&#039;https:\/\/www.nimbo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Example-Notepad-Background.png&#039;);background-position:50% 0;background-size:800px;\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-e3e06330 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\"><style>.kt-svg-icons2041580_e961da-e0 .kt-svg-item-0 .kb-svg-icon-wrap{color:var(--global-palette4, #2D3748);font-size:50px;}.wp-block-kadence-icon.kt-svg-icons2041580_e961da-e0{justify-content:center;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-icon kt-svg-icons kt-svg-icons2041580_e961da-e0 alignnone kb-icon-valign-bottom\"><style>.kt-svg-item-2041580_a5a5ea-2a .kb-svg-icon-wrap, .kt-svg-style-stacked.kt-svg-item-2041580_a5a5ea-2a .kb-svg-icon-wrap{font-size:40px;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-single-icon kt-svg-style-default kt-svg-icon-wrap kt-svg-item-2041580_a5a5ea-2a\"><span class=\"kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fe_edit\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"  fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M20 14.66V20a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H4a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V6a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h5.34\"\/><polygon points=\"18 2 22 6 12 16 8 16 8 12 18 2\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Example Multiplier Method <\/h3>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<!-- Link to Google Fonts for Caveat font --><link href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Caveat&#038;display=swap\" rel=\"stylesheet\"\/><!-- Style to apply the Caveat font only within the .notepad group --><style>.notepad {\n    font-family: 'Caveat', cursive;\n}\n<\/style>\n\n\n\n<h4>Example assumptions:<\/h4>\n            <p>EBIT: \u20ac1,000,000<\/p>\n            <p>Typical industry multiple: 4-7<\/p>\n            <p>Assumed multiple (because the company is doing better than average): 6<\/p>\n            <p>Bank loan: \u20ac1,000,000<\/p>\n            <p>Higher than usual inventory: \u20ac500,000<\/p>\n      \n            <h4>Calculation of the Company Value:<\/h4>\n            <p><strong>Step 1: Calculation of the Enterprise Value (EV)<\/strong><\/p>\n            <p>Enterprise Value = EBIT \u00d7 Multiple<\/p>\n            <p>EV = \u20ac1,000,000 \u00d7 6 = \u20ac6,000,000<\/p>\n\n            <p><strong>Step 2: Calculation of the Equity Value<\/strong><\/p>\n            <p>Equity Value = Enterprise Value \u2013 Net Debt<\/p>\n            <p>Net debt = Bank loans \u2013 Excess inventory<\/p>\n            <p>Net debt = \u20ac1,000,000 \u2013 \u20ac500,000 = \u20ac500,000<\/p>\n            <p>Equity Value = \u20ac6,000,000 \u2013 \u20ac500,000 = \u20ac5,500,000<\/p>\n\n            <p class=\"result\">The enterprise value is: <strong>\u20ac6,000,000<\/strong><\/p>\n            <p class=\"result\">The equity value is: <strong>\u20ac5,500,000<\/strong><\/p>\n        <\/div><\/div>\n<style>.kadence-column2041580_ac9657-d4 > .kt-inside-inner-col{display:flex;}.kadence-column2041580_ac9657-d4 > .kt-inside-inner-col{padding-top:15px;padding-right:15px;padding-bottom:15px;padding-left:15px;}.kadence-column2041580_ac9657-d4 > .kt-inside-inner-col{border-top:1px solid var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-bottom:1px solid var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-left:1px solid var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);}.kadence-column2041580_ac9657-d4 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column2041580_ac9657-d4 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:15px;border-top-right-radius:15px;border-bottom-right-radius:15px;border-bottom-left-radius:15px;}.kadence-column2041580_ac9657-d4 > .kt-inside-inner-col{row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-none, 0rem );column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column2041580_ac9657-d4 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column2041580_ac9657-d4 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column2041580_ac9657-d4 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column2041580_ac9657-d4{position:relative;}.kadence-column2041580_ac9657-d4, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column2041580_ac9657-d4:not(.specificity){margin-top:20px;margin-bottom:20px;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column2041580_ac9657-d4 > .kt-inside-inner-col{border-top:1px solid var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-bottom:1px solid var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-left:1px solid var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column2041580_ac9657-d4 > .kt-inside-inner-col{border-top:1px solid var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-bottom:1px solid var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-left:1px solid var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column2041580_ac9657-d4\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<p>Advantages and disadvantages of the multiplier method:<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-iconlist.kt-svg-icon-list-items2041580_3eb4df-0b:not(.this-stops-third-party-issues){margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-iconlist.kt-svg-icon-list-items2041580_3eb4df-0b ul.kt-svg-icon-list:not(.this-prevents-issues):not(.this-stops-third-party-issues):not(.tijsloc){margin-top:0px;margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);margin-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-iconlist.kt-svg-icon-list-items2041580_3eb4df-0b ul.kt-svg-icon-list{grid-row-gap:5px;}.wp-block-kadence-iconlist.kt-svg-icon-list-items2041580_3eb4df-0b .kb-svg-icon-wrap{font-size:22px;color:var(--global-palette2, #2B6CB0);}.wp-block-kadence-iconlist.kt-svg-icon-list-items2041580_3eb4df-0b ul.kt-svg-icon-list .kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap .kt-svg-icon-list-single{margin-right:10px;}.kt-svg-icon-list-items2041580_3eb4df-0b ul.kt-svg-icon-list .kt-svg-icon-list-level-0 .kt-svg-icon-list-single svg{font-size:20px;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-iconlist kt-svg-icon-list-items kt-svg-icon-list-items2041580_3eb4df-0b kt-svg-icon-list-columns-1 alignnone\"><ul class=\"kt-svg-icon-list\"><style>.kt-svg-icon-list-item-2041580_2a5f63-cf .kt-svg-icon-list-text mark.kt-highlight{background-color:unset;font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<li class=\"wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-2041580_2a5f63-cf\"><span class=\"kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fas_thumbs-up kt-svg-icon-list-single\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\"  fill=\"currentColor\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M104 224H24c-13.255 0-24 10.745-24 24v240c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h80c13.255 0 24-10.745 24-24V248c0-13.255-10.745-24-24-24zM64 472c-13.255 0-24-10.745-24-24s10.745-24 24-24 24 10.745 24 24-10.745 24-24 24zM384 81.452c0 42.416-25.97 66.208-33.277 94.548h101.723c33.397 0 59.397 27.746 59.553 58.098.084 17.938-7.546 37.249-19.439 49.197l-.11.11c9.836 23.337 8.237 56.037-9.308 79.469 8.681 25.895-.069 57.704-16.382 74.757 4.298 17.598 2.244 32.575-6.148 44.632C440.202 511.587 389.616 512 346.839 512l-2.845-.001c-48.287-.017-87.806-17.598-119.56-31.725-15.957-7.099-36.821-15.887-52.651-16.178-6.54-.12-11.783-5.457-11.783-11.998v-213.77c0-3.2 1.282-6.271 3.558-8.521 39.614-39.144 56.648-80.587 89.117-113.111 14.804-14.832 20.188-37.236 25.393-58.902C282.515 39.293 291.817 0 312 0c24 0 72 8 72 81.452z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kt-svg-icon-list-text\">Suitable for companies with stable profits<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n<style>.kt-svg-icon-list-item-2041580_458257-ae .kt-svg-icon-list-text mark.kt-highlight{background-color:unset;font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<li class=\"wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-2041580_458257-ae\"><span class=\"kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fas_thumbs-up kt-svg-icon-list-single\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\"  fill=\"currentColor\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M104 224H24c-13.255 0-24 10.745-24 24v240c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h80c13.255 0 24-10.745 24-24V248c0-13.255-10.745-24-24-24zM64 472c-13.255 0-24-10.745-24-24s10.745-24 24-24 24 10.745 24 24-10.745 24-24 24zM384 81.452c0 42.416-25.97 66.208-33.277 94.548h101.723c33.397 0 59.397 27.746 59.553 58.098.084 17.938-7.546 37.249-19.439 49.197l-.11.11c9.836 23.337 8.237 56.037-9.308 79.469 8.681 25.895-.069 57.704-16.382 74.757 4.298 17.598 2.244 32.575-6.148 44.632C440.202 511.587 389.616 512 346.839 512l-2.845-.001c-48.287-.017-87.806-17.598-119.56-31.725-15.957-7.099-36.821-15.887-52.651-16.178-6.54-.12-11.783-5.457-11.783-11.998v-213.77c0-3.2 1.282-6.271 3.558-8.521 39.614-39.144 56.648-80.587 89.117-113.111 14.804-14.832 20.188-37.236 25.393-58.902C282.515 39.293 291.817 0 312 0c24 0 72 8 72 81.452z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kt-svg-icon-list-text\">Simplicity and comprehensibility<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n<style>.kt-svg-icon-list-item-2041580_ebecc7-54 .kt-svg-icon-list-text mark.kt-highlight{background-color:unset;font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<li class=\"wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-2041580_ebecc7-54\"><span class=\"kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fas_thumbs-up kt-svg-icon-list-single\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\"  fill=\"currentColor\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M104 224H24c-13.255 0-24 10.745-24 24v240c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h80c13.255 0 24-10.745 24-24V248c0-13.255-10.745-24-24-24zM64 472c-13.255 0-24-10.745-24-24s10.745-24 24-24 24 10.745 24 24-10.745 24-24 24zM384 81.452c0 42.416-25.97 66.208-33.277 94.548h101.723c33.397 0 59.397 27.746 59.553 58.098.084 17.938-7.546 37.249-19.439 49.197l-.11.11c9.836 23.337 8.237 56.037-9.308 79.469 8.681 25.895-.069 57.704-16.382 74.757 4.298 17.598 2.244 32.575-6.148 44.632C440.202 511.587 389.616 512 346.839 512l-2.845-.001c-48.287-.017-87.806-17.598-119.56-31.725-15.957-7.099-36.821-15.887-52.651-16.178-6.54-.12-11.783-5.457-11.783-11.998v-213.77c0-3.2 1.282-6.271 3.558-8.521 39.614-39.144 56.648-80.587 89.117-113.111 14.804-14.832 20.188-37.236 25.393-58.902C282.515 39.293 291.817 0 312 0c24 0 72 8 72 81.452z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kt-svg-icon-list-text\">Valuation is market-oriented<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-iconlist.kt-svg-icon-list-items2041580_581357-28:not(.this-stops-third-party-issues){margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-iconlist.kt-svg-icon-list-items2041580_581357-28 ul.kt-svg-icon-list:not(.this-prevents-issues):not(.this-stops-third-party-issues):not(.tijsloc){margin-top:0px;margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);margin-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-iconlist.kt-svg-icon-list-items2041580_581357-28 ul.kt-svg-icon-list{grid-row-gap:5px;}.wp-block-kadence-iconlist.kt-svg-icon-list-items2041580_581357-28 .kb-svg-icon-wrap{font-size:22px;color:#b9431c;}.wp-block-kadence-iconlist.kt-svg-icon-list-items2041580_581357-28 ul.kt-svg-icon-list .kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap .kt-svg-icon-list-single{margin-right:10px;}.kt-svg-icon-list-items2041580_581357-28 ul.kt-svg-icon-list .kt-svg-icon-list-level-0 .kt-svg-icon-list-single svg{font-size:20px;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-iconlist kt-svg-icon-list-items kt-svg-icon-list-items2041580_581357-28 kt-svg-icon-list-columns-1 alignnone\"><ul class=\"kt-svg-icon-list\"><style>.kt-svg-icon-list-item-2041580_3be924-dd .kt-svg-icon-list-text mark.kt-highlight{background-color:unset;font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<li class=\"wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-2041580_3be924-dd\"><span class=\"kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fas_thumbs-down kt-svg-icon-list-single\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\"  fill=\"currentColor\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M0 56v240c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h80c13.255 0 24-10.745 24-24V56c0-13.255-10.745-24-24-24H24C10.745 32 0 42.745 0 56zm40 200c0-13.255 10.745-24 24-24s24 10.745 24 24-10.745 24-24 24-24-10.745-24-24zm272 256c-20.183 0-29.485-39.293-33.931-57.795-5.206-21.666-10.589-44.07-25.393-58.902-32.469-32.524-49.503-73.967-89.117-113.111a11.98 11.98 0 0 1-3.558-8.521V59.901c0-6.541 5.243-11.878 11.783-11.998 15.831-.29 36.694-9.079 52.651-16.178C256.189 17.598 295.709.017 343.995 0h2.844c42.777 0 93.363.413 113.774 29.737 8.392 12.057 10.446 27.034 6.148 44.632 16.312 17.053 25.063 48.863 16.382 74.757 17.544 23.432 19.143 56.132 9.308 79.469l.11.11c11.893 11.949 19.523 31.259 19.439 49.197-.156 30.352-26.157 58.098-59.553 58.098H350.723C358.03 364.34 384 388.132 384 430.548 384 504 336 512 312 512z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kt-svg-icon-list-text\">Missing data for comparable companies<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n<style>.kt-svg-icon-list-item-2041580_0638d0-f5 .kt-svg-icon-list-text mark.kt-highlight{background-color:unset;font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<li class=\"wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-2041580_0638d0-f5\"><span class=\"kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fas_thumbs-down kt-svg-icon-list-single\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\"  fill=\"currentColor\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M0 56v240c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h80c13.255 0 24-10.745 24-24V56c0-13.255-10.745-24-24-24H24C10.745 32 0 42.745 0 56zm40 200c0-13.255 10.745-24 24-24s24 10.745 24 24-10.745 24-24 24-24-10.745-24-24zm272 256c-20.183 0-29.485-39.293-33.931-57.795-5.206-21.666-10.589-44.07-25.393-58.902-32.469-32.524-49.503-73.967-89.117-113.111a11.98 11.98 0 0 1-3.558-8.521V59.901c0-6.541 5.243-11.878 11.783-11.998 15.831-.29 36.694-9.079 52.651-16.178C256.189 17.598 295.709.017 343.995 0h2.844c42.777 0 93.363.413 113.774 29.737 8.392 12.057 10.446 27.034 6.148 44.632 16.312 17.053 25.063 48.863 16.382 74.757 17.544 23.432 19.143 56.132 9.308 79.469l.11.11c11.893 11.949 19.523 31.259 19.439 49.197-.156 30.352-26.157 58.098-59.553 58.098H350.723C358.03 364.34 384 388.132 384 430.548 384 504 336 512 312 512z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kt-svg-icon-list-text\">No consideration of future developments<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<p>Further in-depth information can also be found in our blog post &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nimbo.net\/en\/market-value-approach-business-valuation\">Market Value Approach for Company Valuation<\/a>.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-left\" id=\"-h-die-substanzwertmethode\">The Asset-Based Approach<\/h2>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-bewertung-substanzwert-des-unternehmens\">Valuation = Net Asset Value (NAV) of the Company<\/h3>\n\n<p>This is the <strong>simplest method<\/strong> for determining the net asset value (NAV). <\/p>\n\n<p>One adds the values for fixed and current assets at market prices from the balance sheet, adjusts them for hidden reserves and deducts taxes, debts and liabilities.  <\/p>\n\n<p><strong>The net asset value (NAV) typically reports a rather low company value. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p>In the event that the net asset value (NAV) is not remunerated commensurate with risk or the company even incurs losses, the financial company value \u2013 without any value-enhancing synergy effects with a potential buyer \u2013 is fundamentally equal to the liquidation value.<\/p>\n\n<p>In the context of a company sale, the net asset value (NAV) primarily has informational value and is generally below the valuation range of the Multiple methods, as it does not reflect goodwill or earnings potential exceeding the minimum return.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Advantages and Disadvantages of this Method<\/h2>\n<style>.kadence-column2041580_1d2ff8-e5 > .kt-inside-inner-col{display:flex;}.kadence-column2041580_1d2ff8-e5 > .kt-inside-inner-col{padding-top:15px;padding-right:15px;padding-bottom:15px;padding-left:15px;}.kadence-column2041580_1d2ff8-e5 > .kt-inside-inner-col{border-top:1px solid var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-bottom:1px solid var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-left:1px solid var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);}.kadence-column2041580_1d2ff8-e5 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column2041580_1d2ff8-e5 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:15px;border-top-right-radius:15px;border-bottom-right-radius:15px;border-bottom-left-radius:15px;}.kadence-column2041580_1d2ff8-e5 > .kt-inside-inner-col{row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-none, 0rem );column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column2041580_1d2ff8-e5 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column2041580_1d2ff8-e5 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column2041580_1d2ff8-e5 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column2041580_1d2ff8-e5{position:relative;}.kadence-column2041580_1d2ff8-e5, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column2041580_1d2ff8-e5:not(.specificity){margin-top:20px;margin-bottom:20px;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column2041580_1d2ff8-e5 > .kt-inside-inner-col{border-top:1px solid var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-bottom:1px solid var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-left:1px solid var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column2041580_1d2ff8-e5 > .kt-inside-inner-col{border-top:1px solid var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-bottom:1px solid var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-left:1px solid var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column2041580_1d2ff8-e5\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-iconlist.kt-svg-icon-list-items2041580_aa17db-24:not(.this-stops-third-party-issues){margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-iconlist.kt-svg-icon-list-items2041580_aa17db-24 ul.kt-svg-icon-list:not(.this-prevents-issues):not(.this-stops-third-party-issues):not(.tijsloc){margin-top:0px;margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);margin-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-iconlist.kt-svg-icon-list-items2041580_aa17db-24 ul.kt-svg-icon-list{grid-row-gap:5px;}.wp-block-kadence-iconlist.kt-svg-icon-list-items2041580_aa17db-24 .kb-svg-icon-wrap{font-size:22px;color:var(--global-palette2, #2B6CB0);}.wp-block-kadence-iconlist.kt-svg-icon-list-items2041580_aa17db-24 ul.kt-svg-icon-list .kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap .kt-svg-icon-list-single{margin-right:10px;}.kt-svg-icon-list-items2041580_aa17db-24 ul.kt-svg-icon-list .kt-svg-icon-list-level-0 .kt-svg-icon-list-single svg{font-size:20px;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-iconlist kt-svg-icon-list-items kt-svg-icon-list-items2041580_aa17db-24 kt-svg-icon-list-columns-1 alignnone\"><ul class=\"kt-svg-icon-list\"><style>.kt-svg-icon-list-item-2041580_03442a-51 .kt-svg-icon-list-text mark.kt-highlight{background-color:unset;font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<li class=\"wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-2041580_03442a-51\"><span class=\"kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fas_thumbs-up kt-svg-icon-list-single\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\"  fill=\"currentColor\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M104 224H24c-13.255 0-24 10.745-24 24v240c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h80c13.255 0 24-10.745 24-24V248c0-13.255-10.745-24-24-24zM64 472c-13.255 0-24-10.745-24-24s10.745-24 24-24 24 10.745 24 24-10.745 24-24 24zM384 81.452c0 42.416-25.97 66.208-33.277 94.548h101.723c33.397 0 59.397 27.746 59.553 58.098.084 17.938-7.546 37.249-19.439 49.197l-.11.11c9.836 23.337 8.237 56.037-9.308 79.469 8.681 25.895-.069 57.704-16.382 74.757 4.298 17.598 2.244 32.575-6.148 44.632C440.202 511.587 389.616 512 346.839 512l-2.845-.001c-48.287-.017-87.806-17.598-119.56-31.725-15.957-7.099-36.821-15.887-52.651-16.178-6.54-.12-11.783-5.457-11.783-11.998v-213.77c0-3.2 1.282-6.271 3.558-8.521 39.614-39.144 56.648-80.587 89.117-113.111 14.804-14.832 20.188-37.236 25.393-58.902C282.515 39.293 291.817 0 312 0c24 0 72 8 72 81.452z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kt-svg-icon-list-text\">Simple application and good traceability of the result<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n<style>.kt-svg-icon-list-item-2041580_f0dc92-ab .kt-svg-icon-list-text mark.kt-highlight{background-color:unset;font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<li class=\"wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-2041580_f0dc92-ab\"><span class=\"kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fas_thumbs-up kt-svg-icon-list-single\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\"  fill=\"currentColor\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M104 224H24c-13.255 0-24 10.745-24 24v240c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h80c13.255 0 24-10.745 24-24V248c0-13.255-10.745-24-24-24zM64 472c-13.255 0-24-10.745-24-24s10.745-24 24-24 24 10.745 24 24-10.745 24-24 24zM384 81.452c0 42.416-25.97 66.208-33.277 94.548h101.723c33.397 0 59.397 27.746 59.553 58.098.084 17.938-7.546 37.249-19.439 49.197l-.11.11c9.836 23.337 8.237 56.037-9.308 79.469 8.681 25.895-.069 57.704-16.382 74.757 4.298 17.598 2.244 32.575-6.148 44.632C440.202 511.587 389.616 512 346.839 512l-2.845-.001c-48.287-.017-87.806-17.598-119.56-31.725-15.957-7.099-36.821-15.887-52.651-16.178-6.54-.12-11.783-5.457-11.783-11.998v-213.77c0-3.2 1.282-6.271 3.558-8.521 39.614-39.144 56.648-80.587 89.117-113.111 14.804-14.832 20.188-37.236 25.393-58.902C282.515 39.293 291.817 0 312 0c24 0 72 8 72 81.452z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kt-svg-icon-list-text\">What is objectively available is valued, regardless of the interests of the seller or potential buyer.  &nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n<style>.kt-svg-icon-list-item-2041580_394e28-ac .kt-svg-icon-list-text mark.kt-highlight{background-color:unset;font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<li class=\"wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-2041580_394e28-ac\"><span class=\"kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fas_thumbs-up kt-svg-icon-list-single\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\"  fill=\"currentColor\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M104 224H24c-13.255 0-24 10.745-24 24v240c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h80c13.255 0 24-10.745 24-24V248c0-13.255-10.745-24-24-24zM64 472c-13.255 0-24-10.745-24-24s10.745-24 24-24 24 10.745 24 24-10.745 24-24 24zM384 81.452c0 42.416-25.97 66.208-33.277 94.548h101.723c33.397 0 59.397 27.746 59.553 58.098.084 17.938-7.546 37.249-19.439 49.197l-.11.11c9.836 23.337 8.237 56.037-9.308 79.469 8.681 25.895-.069 57.704-16.382 74.757 4.298 17.598 2.244 32.575-6.148 44.632C440.202 511.587 389.616 512 346.839 512l-2.845-.001c-48.287-.017-87.806-17.598-119.56-31.725-15.957-7.099-36.821-15.887-52.651-16.178-6.54-.12-11.783-5.457-11.783-11.998v-213.77c0-3.2 1.282-6.271 3.558-8.521 39.614-39.144 56.648-80.587 89.117-113.111 14.804-14.832 20.188-37.236 25.393-58.902C282.515 39.293 291.817 0 312 0c24 0 72 8 72 81.452z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kt-svg-icon-list-text\">Suitable for companies with predominantly tangible assets such as real estate, machinery or large plants, benefit from this valuation method. These include, for example, construction companies, industrial companies or real estate companies. <\/span><\/li>\n\n\n<style>.kt-svg-icon-list-item-2041580_4b7c64-b6 .kt-svg-icon-list-text mark.kt-highlight{background-color:unset;font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<li class=\"wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-2041580_4b7c64-b6\"><span class=\"kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fas_thumbs-up kt-svg-icon-list-single\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\"  fill=\"currentColor\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M104 224H24c-13.255 0-24 10.745-24 24v240c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h80c13.255 0 24-10.745 24-24V248c0-13.255-10.745-24-24-24zM64 472c-13.255 0-24-10.745-24-24s10.745-24 24-24 24 10.745 24 24-10.745 24-24 24zM384 81.452c0 42.416-25.97 66.208-33.277 94.548h101.723c33.397 0 59.397 27.746 59.553 58.098.084 17.938-7.546 37.249-19.439 49.197l-.11.11c9.836 23.337 8.237 56.037-9.308 79.469 8.681 25.895-.069 57.704-16.382 74.757 4.298 17.598 2.244 32.575-6.148 44.632C440.202 511.587 389.616 512 346.839 512l-2.845-.001c-48.287-.017-87.806-17.598-119.56-31.725-15.957-7.099-36.821-15.887-52.651-16.178-6.54-.12-11.783-5.457-11.783-11.998v-213.77c0-3.2 1.282-6.271 3.558-8.521 39.614-39.144 56.648-80.587 89.117-113.111 14.804-14.832 20.188-37.236 25.393-58.902C282.515 39.293 291.817 0 312 0c24 0 72 8 72 81.452z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kt-svg-icon-list-text\">Suitable for companies that are to be liquidated<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-iconlist.kt-svg-icon-list-items2041580_425fff-54:not(.this-stops-third-party-issues){margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-iconlist.kt-svg-icon-list-items2041580_425fff-54 ul.kt-svg-icon-list:not(.this-prevents-issues):not(.this-stops-third-party-issues):not(.tijsloc){margin-top:0px;margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);margin-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-iconlist.kt-svg-icon-list-items2041580_425fff-54 ul.kt-svg-icon-list{grid-row-gap:5px;}.wp-block-kadence-iconlist.kt-svg-icon-list-items2041580_425fff-54 .kb-svg-icon-wrap{font-size:22px;color:#b9431c;}.wp-block-kadence-iconlist.kt-svg-icon-list-items2041580_425fff-54 ul.kt-svg-icon-list .kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap .kt-svg-icon-list-single{margin-right:10px;}.kt-svg-icon-list-items2041580_425fff-54 ul.kt-svg-icon-list .kt-svg-icon-list-level-0 .kt-svg-icon-list-single svg{font-size:20px;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-iconlist kt-svg-icon-list-items kt-svg-icon-list-items2041580_425fff-54 kt-svg-icon-list-columns-1 alignnone\"><ul class=\"kt-svg-icon-list\"><style>.kt-svg-icon-list-item-2041580_82ae74-1e .kt-svg-icon-list-text mark.kt-highlight{background-color:unset;font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<li class=\"wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-2041580_82ae74-1e\"><span class=\"kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fas_thumbs-down kt-svg-icon-list-single\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\"  fill=\"currentColor\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M0 56v240c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h80c13.255 0 24-10.745 24-24V56c0-13.255-10.745-24-24-24H24C10.745 32 0 42.745 0 56zm40 200c0-13.255 10.745-24 24-24s24 10.745 24 24-10.745 24-24 24-24-10.745-24-24zm272 256c-20.183 0-29.485-39.293-33.931-57.795-5.206-21.666-10.589-44.07-25.393-58.902-32.469-32.524-49.503-73.967-89.117-113.111a11.98 11.98 0 0 1-3.558-8.521V59.901c0-6.541 5.243-11.878 11.783-11.998 15.831-.29 36.694-9.079 52.651-16.178C256.189 17.598 295.709.017 343.995 0h2.844c42.777 0 93.363.413 113.774 29.737 8.392 12.057 10.446 27.034 6.148 44.632 16.312 17.053 25.063 48.863 16.382 74.757 17.544 23.432 19.143 56.132 9.308 79.469l.11.11c11.893 11.949 19.523 31.259 19.439 49.197-.156 30.352-26.157 58.098-59.553 58.098H350.723C358.03 364.34 384 388.132 384 430.548 384 504 336 512 312 512z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kt-svg-icon-list-text\">Not suitable for companies in industries where innovation, intellectual property or the customer base represent a high value (e.g. IT or pharmaceutical industries, but also service companies), as intangible assets are difficult to capture.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n<style>.kt-svg-icon-list-item-2041580_67e3a8-cd .kt-svg-icon-list-text mark.kt-highlight{background-color:unset;font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<li class=\"wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-2041580_67e3a8-cd\"><span class=\"kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fas_thumbs-down kt-svg-icon-list-single\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\"  fill=\"currentColor\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M0 56v240c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h80c13.255 0 24-10.745 24-24V56c0-13.255-10.745-24-24-24H24C10.745 32 0 42.745 0 56zm40 200c0-13.255 10.745-24 24-24s24 10.745 24 24-10.745 24-24 24-24-10.745-24-24zm272 256c-20.183 0-29.485-39.293-33.931-57.795-5.206-21.666-10.589-44.07-25.393-58.902-32.469-32.524-49.503-73.967-89.117-113.111a11.98 11.98 0 0 1-3.558-8.521V59.901c0-6.541 5.243-11.878 11.783-11.998 15.831-.29 36.694-9.079 52.651-16.178C256.189 17.598 295.709.017 343.995 0h2.844c42.777 0 93.363.413 113.774 29.737 8.392 12.057 10.446 27.034 6.148 44.632 16.312 17.053 25.063 48.863 16.382 74.757 17.544 23.432 19.143 56.132 9.308 79.469l.11.11c11.893 11.949 19.523 31.259 19.439 49.197-.156 30.352-26.157 58.098-59.553 58.098H350.723C358.03 364.34 384 388.132 384 430.548 384 504 336 512 312 512z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kt-svg-icon-list-text\">Not suitable for start-ups or companies with strong future growth potential (e.g. in new markets or industries), as their future earnings power is not captured.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n<style>.kt-svg-icon-list-item-2041580_7ce8e1-5c .kt-svg-icon-list-text mark.kt-highlight{background-color:unset;font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<li class=\"wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-2041580_7ce8e1-5c\"><span class=\"kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fas_thumbs-down kt-svg-icon-list-single\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\"  fill=\"currentColor\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M0 56v240c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h80c13.255 0 24-10.745 24-24V56c0-13.255-10.745-24-24-24H24C10.745 32 0 42.745 0 56zm40 200c0-13.255 10.745-24 24-24s24 10.745 24 24-10.745 24-24 24-24-10.745-24-24zm272 256c-20.183 0-29.485-39.293-33.931-57.795-5.206-21.666-10.589-44.07-25.393-58.902-32.469-32.524-49.503-73.967-89.117-113.111a11.98 11.98 0 0 1-3.558-8.521V59.901c0-6.541 5.243-11.878 11.783-11.998 15.831-.29 36.694-9.079 52.651-16.178C256.189 17.598 295.709.017 343.995 0h2.844c42.777 0 93.363.413 113.774 29.737 8.392 12.057 10.446 27.034 6.148 44.632 16.312 17.053 25.063 48.863 16.382 74.757 17.544 23.432 19.143 56.132 9.308 79.469l.11.11c11.893 11.949 19.523 31.259 19.439 49.197-.156 30.352-26.157 58.098-59.553 58.098H350.723C358.03 364.34 384 388.132 384 430.548 384 504 336 512 312 512z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kt-svg-icon-list-text\">No consideration of value drivers such as employee experience, customer and supplier relationships, etc. <\/span><\/li>\n\n\n<style>.kt-svg-icon-list-item-2041580_47331d-f2 .kt-svg-icon-list-text mark.kt-highlight{background-color:unset;font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<li class=\"wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-2041580_47331d-f2\"><span class=\"kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fas_thumbs-down kt-svg-icon-list-single\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\"  fill=\"currentColor\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M0 56v240c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h80c13.255 0 24-10.745 24-24V56c0-13.255-10.745-24-24-24H24C10.745 32 0 42.745 0 56zm40 200c0-13.255 10.745-24 24-24s24 10.745 24 24-10.745 24-24 24-24-10.745-24-24zm272 256c-20.183 0-29.485-39.293-33.931-57.795-5.206-21.666-10.589-44.07-25.393-58.902-32.469-32.524-49.503-73.967-89.117-113.111a11.98 11.98 0 0 1-3.558-8.521V59.901c0-6.541 5.243-11.878 11.783-11.998 15.831-.29 36.694-9.079 52.651-16.178C256.189 17.598 295.709.017 343.995 0h2.844c42.777 0 93.363.413 113.774 29.737 8.392 12.057 10.446 27.034 6.148 44.632 16.312 17.053 25.063 48.863 16.382 74.757 17.544 23.432 19.143 56.132 9.308 79.469l.11.11c11.893 11.949 19.523 31.259 19.439 49.197-.156 30.352-26.157 58.098-59.553 58.098H350.723C358.03 364.34 384 388.132 384 430.548 384 504 336 512 312 512z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kt-svg-icon-list-text\">Future growth, competitive advantages or market position are not taken into account.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<p>Applying the asset-based approach as a complement, for example, in combination with a more optimistic method such as the Income Approach <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nimbo.net\/en\/bewertungsmethoden-2#Mittelwertmethoden\">(see section on average value methods)<\/a>, can certainly be sensible.<\/p>\n\n<p>It quantifies the current value of the company&#8217;s existing assets and shows the actual amount of equity. This is of importance for a financing. <\/p>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group notepad has-border-color has-background\" style=\"border-color:var(--global-palette3);border-width:1px;border-radius:10px;padding-top:0;background-image:url(&#039;https:\/\/www.nimbo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Example-Notepad-Background.png&#039;);background-position:50% 0;background-size:800px;\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-e3e06330 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\"><style>.kt-svg-icons2041580_146c86-bf .kt-svg-item-0 .kb-svg-icon-wrap{color:var(--global-palette4, #2D3748);font-size:50px;}.wp-block-kadence-icon.kt-svg-icons2041580_146c86-bf{justify-content:center;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-icon kt-svg-icons kt-svg-icons2041580_146c86-bf alignnone kb-icon-valign-bottom\"><style>.kt-svg-item-2041580_369460-1e .kb-svg-icon-wrap, .kt-svg-style-stacked.kt-svg-item-2041580_369460-1e .kb-svg-icon-wrap{font-size:40px;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-single-icon kt-svg-style-default kt-svg-icon-wrap kt-svg-item-2041580_369460-1e\"><span class=\"kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fe_edit\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"  fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M20 14.66V20a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H4a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V6a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h5.34\"\/><polygon points=\"18 2 22 6 12 16 8 16 8 12 18 2\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Example: Asset-Based Approach<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<!-- Link to Google Fonts for Caveat font --><link href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Caveat&#038;display=swap\" rel=\"stylesheet\"\/><!-- Style to apply the Caveat font only within the .notepad group --><style>.notepad {\n    font-family: 'Caveat', cursive;\n}\n<\/style>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<h4>Example assumptions:<\/h4>\n            <p>Value of fixed and current assets (at market prices): \u20ac1,000,000<\/p>\n            <p>Liabilities\/debts: \u20ac500,000<\/p>\n            <p>Provisions: \u20ac100,000<\/p>\n            <p>Reversal of economically unnecessary provisions: \u20ac100,000<\/p>\n      \n            <h4>Calculation of the Asset Value:<\/h4>\n\n            <p><strong>Step 1: Adjustment of the provisions<\/strong><\/p>\n            <p>Economically unnecessary provisions are reversed:<\/p>\n            <p>Effective provisions = Provisions &#8211; unnecessary provisions<\/p>\n            <p>Effective provisions = \u20ac100,000 &#8211; \u20ac100,000 = \u20ac0<\/p>\n\n            <p><strong>Step 2: Asset value = Assets &#8211; Liabilities &#8211; effective provisions<\/strong><\/p>\n            <p>Asset value = \u20ac1,000,000 &#8211; \u20ac500,000 &#8211; \u20ac0<\/p>\n            <p>Asset value = \u20ac500,000<\/p>\n\n            <p class=\"result\"><strong> The net asset value (NAV) of the company is: \u20ac500,000<\/strong><\/p>\n        \n    <\/div><\/div>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-bedeutung-der-substanzwertmethode\">Significance of the Asset-Based Approach<\/h3>\n\n<p>Today, the asset-based approach plays only a minor role. The advantages are clearly the simple application and the good traceability of the result. A negative aspect is the low informative value for many companies, as intangible values and future developments are not taken into account.<\/p>\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-left\" id=\"h-das-vereinfachte-ertragswertverfahren\">Simplified Income Approach<\/h2>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-bewertung-ertrag-geteilt-durch-kapitalisierungszins\">valuation = revenue divided by capitalization rate<\/h3>\n\n<p>In the company valuation using the Income Approach, the company is viewed as an investment that generates constant returns. These constant returns are valued using the financial mathematical formula of a perpetual annual income stream. The average expected sustainable after-tax profits over the next three to five years are divided by a risk-adjusted interest rate (&#8220;capitalization rate&#8221;). The value thus determined represents the value of equity (so-called &#8220;equity value&#8221;).<\/p>\n\n<p>Since the Income Approach is based on forecasts, the underlying values should be as realistic as possible. The result should also be checked for sensitivity to changes in assumptions (e.g. lower\/higher earnings and interest rates). The question always arises as to what extent the existing earning power of the valued company can be transferred to the buyer in the event of a sale. (In-depth information on Income Approach methods can be found in the article &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nimbo.net\/en\/company-valuation-income-approach\">Income Approach for Company Valuation<\/a>&#8220;)<\/p>\n\n<p>Machinery or stocks of goods necessary for normal operations are already included in this calculation, as they are a prerequisite for achieving the sustainable yield on which the valuation is based.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-berechnung-kapitalisierungszins\">Calculation of the capitalisation rate<\/h3>\n\n<p>Capitalisation rate = base rate <strong>plus<\/strong> market risk premium <strong>plus<\/strong> company-specific risk premium<\/p>\n\n<p>The capitalisation rate is made up of three factors.<\/p>\n\n<p>  The base rate, or risk-free rate. It is usually the interest rate on government bonds with a maturity of 10 or thirty years. At the end of 2021, the prime rate in Germany was a rounded 0.10%.<\/p>\n\n<p>The market risk premium, which reflects the entrepreneurial risk in the industry and country concerned.<\/p>\n\n<p>The company-specific risk premium, which evaluates the specific business risks of the company.<\/p>\n\n<p>For example, for the valuation of a craft business, an interest rate of around 20 % is usually realistic due to the often higher dependence on the owner. This was empirically proven by real purchase prices.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-faktoren-zur-bestimmung-des-risikozuschlags\">Factors for determining the risk premium<\/h3>\n\n<p><strong>Fungibility<\/strong>: The company can be turned into money quickly, safely and without high costs. This is generally not the case for unlisted companies. <\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Role of the company owner:<\/strong> The company is very dependent on the company owner. All decisions and contacts are focused on him. <\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Company strategy: <\/strong>There is no comprehensible short-, medium- and long-term strategy.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Competition: Compet<\/strong> itive pressure is high, and as a small company with a small market share, there is an increased risk of margin pressure or even being squeezed out of the market.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Customer structure: <\/strong>A large proportion of sales is made with a small number of customers. There are hardly any switching hurdles for customers. The customers have aged along with the owner and will not be around for the foreseeable future.  <\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Supplier structure: <\/strong>There may be supply bottlenecks or delays in production due to dependence on individual suppliers and there are no alternative options.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Management: <\/strong>insufficiently qualified and\/or experienced. There is a risk that it will leave the company after a change of ownership. <\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Employees: <\/strong>The level of education of the employees is rather low. Suitable skilled workers are difficult to find on the labour market, which has a negative impact on future growth. There is a dependence on some key people who are not easily replaced.  <\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Non-recurring revenues: <\/strong>Revenues are primarily generated from non-recurring customers.<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group notepad has-border-color has-background\" style=\"border-color:var(--global-palette3);border-width:1px;border-radius:10px;padding-top:0;background-image:url(&#039;https:\/\/www.nimbo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Example-Notepad-Background.png&#039;);background-position:50% 0;background-size:800px;\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-e3e06330 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\"><style>.kt-svg-icons2041580_41a91a-fb .kt-svg-item-0 .kb-svg-icon-wrap{color:var(--global-palette4, #2D3748);font-size:50px;}.wp-block-kadence-icon.kt-svg-icons2041580_41a91a-fb{justify-content:center;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-icon kt-svg-icons kt-svg-icons2041580_41a91a-fb alignnone kb-icon-valign-bottom\"><style>.kt-svg-item-2041580_f7be4f-ec .kb-svg-icon-wrap, .kt-svg-style-stacked.kt-svg-item-2041580_f7be4f-ec .kb-svg-icon-wrap{font-size:40px;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-single-icon kt-svg-style-default kt-svg-icon-wrap kt-svg-item-2041580_f7be4f-ec\"><span class=\"kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fe_edit\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"  fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M20 14.66V20a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H4a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V6a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h5.34\"\/><polygon points=\"18 2 22 6 12 16 8 16 8 12 18 2\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Example: Simplified Income Approach<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<!-- Link to Google Fonts for Caveat font --><link href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Caveat&#038;display=swap\" rel=\"stylesheet\"\/><!-- Style to apply the Caveat font only within the .notepad group --><style>.notepad {\n    font-family: 'Caveat', cursive;\n}\n<\/style>\n\n\n\n\n<div>\n        \n            <h4>Example assumptions:<\/h4>\n            <p>Sustainable earnings (\u00d8 of the adjusted profits of the last 3 years): \u20ac1,000,000<\/p>\n            <p>Applied base interest rate (risk-free interest rate): 2%<\/p>\n            <p>Market risk premium (market premium for the industry): 8%<\/p>\n            <p>Company-specific risk premium (above-average risk due to dependence on the owner and the company size): 10%<\/p>\n        \n            <h4>Question from the buyer&#8217;s perspective:<\/h4>\n            <p>How much money would the buyer have to invest in an alternative investment with the same risk to achieve a return of \u20ac1,000,000?<\/p>\n\n            <h4>Calculation of the capitalization rate:<\/h4>\n            <p><strong>Step 1: Capitalisation rate = base rate + market risk premium + company-specific risk premium<\/strong><\/p>\n            <p>Capitalization rate = 2% + 8% + 10%<\/p>\n            <p>Capitalization rate = 20%<\/p>\n\n            <h4>Calculation of the company value (earnings value):<\/h4>\n            <p>Earnings value = Sustainable earnings \/ Capitalization rate<\/p>\n            <p>Earnings value = \u20ac1,000,000 \/ 0.20 = \u20ac5,000,000<\/p>\n\n            <p class=\"result\">The capitalization rate is: <strong>20%<\/strong><\/p>\n            <p class=\"result\"><strong>The company value is: \u20ac5,000,000<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>   \n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Advantages and Disadvantages of this Method<\/h2>\n<style>.kadence-column2041580_1c0a8e-6f > .kt-inside-inner-col{display:flex;}.kadence-column2041580_1c0a8e-6f > .kt-inside-inner-col{padding-top:15px;padding-right:15px;padding-bottom:15px;padding-left:15px;}.kadence-column2041580_1c0a8e-6f > .kt-inside-inner-col{border-top:1px solid var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-bottom:1px solid var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-left:1px solid var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);}.kadence-column2041580_1c0a8e-6f > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column2041580_1c0a8e-6f > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:15px;border-top-right-radius:15px;border-bottom-right-radius:15px;border-bottom-left-radius:15px;}.kadence-column2041580_1c0a8e-6f > .kt-inside-inner-col{row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-none, 0rem );column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column2041580_1c0a8e-6f > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column2041580_1c0a8e-6f > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column2041580_1c0a8e-6f > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column2041580_1c0a8e-6f{position:relative;}.kadence-column2041580_1c0a8e-6f, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column2041580_1c0a8e-6f:not(.specificity){margin-top:20px;margin-bottom:20px;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column2041580_1c0a8e-6f > .kt-inside-inner-col{border-top:1px solid var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-bottom:1px solid var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-left:1px solid var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column2041580_1c0a8e-6f > .kt-inside-inner-col{border-top:1px solid var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-bottom:1px solid var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-left:1px solid var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column2041580_1c0a8e-6f\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-iconlist.kt-svg-icon-list-items2041580_d62d46-a9:not(.this-stops-third-party-issues){margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-iconlist.kt-svg-icon-list-items2041580_d62d46-a9 ul.kt-svg-icon-list:not(.this-prevents-issues):not(.this-stops-third-party-issues):not(.tijsloc){margin-top:0px;margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);margin-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-iconlist.kt-svg-icon-list-items2041580_d62d46-a9 ul.kt-svg-icon-list{grid-row-gap:5px;}.wp-block-kadence-iconlist.kt-svg-icon-list-items2041580_d62d46-a9 .kb-svg-icon-wrap{font-size:22px;color:var(--global-palette2, #2B6CB0);}.wp-block-kadence-iconlist.kt-svg-icon-list-items2041580_d62d46-a9 ul.kt-svg-icon-list .kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap .kt-svg-icon-list-single{margin-right:10px;}.kt-svg-icon-list-items2041580_d62d46-a9 ul.kt-svg-icon-list .kt-svg-icon-list-level-0 .kt-svg-icon-list-single svg{font-size:20px;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-iconlist kt-svg-icon-list-items kt-svg-icon-list-items2041580_d62d46-a9 kt-svg-icon-list-columns-1 alignnone\"><ul class=\"kt-svg-icon-list\"><style>.kt-svg-icon-list-item-2041580_258d19-f8 .kt-svg-icon-list-text mark.kt-highlight{background-color:unset;font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<li class=\"wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-2041580_258d19-f8\"><span class=\"kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fas_thumbs-up kt-svg-icon-list-single\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\"  fill=\"currentColor\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M104 224H24c-13.255 0-24 10.745-24 24v240c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h80c13.255 0 24-10.745 24-24V248c0-13.255-10.745-24-24-24zM64 472c-13.255 0-24-10.745-24-24s10.745-24 24-24 24 10.745 24 24-10.745 24-24 24zM384 81.452c0 42.416-25.97 66.208-33.277 94.548h101.723c33.397 0 59.397 27.746 59.553 58.098.084 17.938-7.546 37.249-19.439 49.197l-.11.11c9.836 23.337 8.237 56.037-9.308 79.469 8.681 25.895-.069 57.704-16.382 74.757 4.298 17.598 2.244 32.575-6.148 44.632C440.202 511.587 389.616 512 346.839 512l-2.845-.001c-48.287-.017-87.806-17.598-119.56-31.725-15.957-7.099-36.821-15.887-52.651-16.178-6.54-.12-11.783-5.457-11.783-11.998v-213.77c0-3.2 1.282-6.271 3.558-8.521 39.614-39.144 56.648-80.587 89.117-113.111 14.804-14.832 20.188-37.236 25.393-58.902C282.515 39.293 291.817 0 312 0c24 0 72 8 72 81.452z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kt-svg-icon-list-text\">Simple application, easy to understand and implement<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n<style>.kt-svg-icon-list-item-2041580_a342c4-19 .kt-svg-icon-list-text mark.kt-highlight{background-color:unset;font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<li class=\"wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-2041580_a342c4-19\"><span class=\"kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fas_thumbs-up kt-svg-icon-list-single\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\"  fill=\"currentColor\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M104 224H24c-13.255 0-24 10.745-24 24v240c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h80c13.255 0 24-10.745 24-24V248c0-13.255-10.745-24-24-24zM64 472c-13.255 0-24-10.745-24-24s10.745-24 24-24 24 10.745 24 24-10.745 24-24 24zM384 81.452c0 42.416-25.97 66.208-33.277 94.548h101.723c33.397 0 59.397 27.746 59.553 58.098.084 17.938-7.546 37.249-19.439 49.197l-.11.11c9.836 23.337 8.237 56.037-9.308 79.469 8.681 25.895-.069 57.704-16.382 74.757 4.298 17.598 2.244 32.575-6.148 44.632C440.202 511.587 389.616 512 346.839 512l-2.845-.001c-48.287-.017-87.806-17.598-119.56-31.725-15.957-7.099-36.821-15.887-52.651-16.178-6.54-.12-11.783-5.457-11.783-11.998v-213.77c0-3.2 1.282-6.271 3.558-8.521 39.614-39.144 56.648-80.587 89.117-113.111 14.804-14.832 20.188-37.236 25.393-58.902C282.515 39.293 291.817 0 312 0c24 0 72 8 72 81.452z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kt-svg-icon-list-text\">Future-oriented, focuses on the future earnings and profits of the company, which is important for investors who want to evaluate future returns.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n<style>.kt-svg-icon-list-item-2041580_46d424-6f .kt-svg-icon-list-text mark.kt-highlight{background-color:unset;font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<li class=\"wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-2041580_46d424-6f\"><span class=\"kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fas_thumbs-up kt-svg-icon-list-single\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\"  fill=\"currentColor\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M104 224H24c-13.255 0-24 10.745-24 24v240c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h80c13.255 0 24-10.745 24-24V248c0-13.255-10.745-24-24-24zM64 472c-13.255 0-24-10.745-24-24s10.745-24 24-24 24 10.745 24 24-10.745 24-24 24zM384 81.452c0 42.416-25.97 66.208-33.277 94.548h101.723c33.397 0 59.397 27.746 59.553 58.098.084 17.938-7.546 37.249-19.439 49.197l-.11.11c9.836 23.337 8.237 56.037-9.308 79.469 8.681 25.895-.069 57.704-16.382 74.757 4.298 17.598 2.244 32.575-6.148 44.632C440.202 511.587 389.616 512 346.839 512l-2.845-.001c-48.287-.017-87.806-17.598-119.56-31.725-15.957-7.099-36.821-15.887-52.651-16.178-6.54-.12-11.783-5.457-11.783-11.998v-213.77c0-3.2 1.282-6.271 3.558-8.521 39.614-39.144 56.648-80.587 89.117-113.111 14.804-14.832 20.188-37.236 25.393-58.902C282.515 39.293 291.817 0 312 0c24 0 72 8 72 81.452z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kt-svg-icon-list-text\">Common practice in the SME sector, as these have less complex company structures.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n<style>.kt-svg-icon-list-item-2041580_48eca5-6d .kt-svg-icon-list-text mark.kt-highlight{background-color:unset;font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<li class=\"wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-2041580_48eca5-6d\"><span class=\"kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fas_thumbs-up kt-svg-icon-list-single\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\"  fill=\"currentColor\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M104 224H24c-13.255 0-24 10.745-24 24v240c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h80c13.255 0 24-10.745 24-24V248c0-13.255-10.745-24-24-24zM64 472c-13.255 0-24-10.745-24-24s10.745-24 24-24 24 10.745 24 24-10.745 24-24 24zM384 81.452c0 42.416-25.97 66.208-33.277 94.548h101.723c33.397 0 59.397 27.746 59.553 58.098.084 17.938-7.546 37.249-19.439 49.197l-.11.11c9.836 23.337 8.237 56.037-9.308 79.469 8.681 25.895-.069 57.704-16.382 74.757 4.298 17.598 2.244 32.575-6.148 44.632C440.202 511.587 389.616 512 346.839 512l-2.845-.001c-48.287-.017-87.806-17.598-119.56-31.725-15.957-7.099-36.821-15.887-52.651-16.178-6.54-.12-11.783-5.457-11.783-11.998v-213.77c0-3.2 1.282-6.271 3.558-8.521 39.614-39.144 56.648-80.587 89.117-113.111 14.804-14.832 20.188-37.236 25.393-58.902C282.515 39.293 291.817 0 312 0c24 0 72 8 72 81.452z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kt-svg-icon-list-text\">Accepted by financial authorities: This method is often accepted by tax authorities in Germany, for example, when it comes to valuation for tax purposes.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n<style>.kt-svg-icon-list-item-2041580_c37226-ce .kt-svg-icon-list-text mark.kt-highlight{background-color:unset;font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<li class=\"wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-2041580_c37226-ce\"><span class=\"kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fas_thumbs-up kt-svg-icon-list-single\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\"  fill=\"currentColor\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M104 224H24c-13.255 0-24 10.745-24 24v240c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h80c13.255 0 24-10.745 24-24V248c0-13.255-10.745-24-24-24zM64 472c-13.255 0-24-10.745-24-24s10.745-24 24-24 24 10.745 24 24-10.745 24-24 24zM384 81.452c0 42.416-25.97 66.208-33.277 94.548h101.723c33.397 0 59.397 27.746 59.553 58.098.084 17.938-7.546 37.249-19.439 49.197l-.11.11c9.836 23.337 8.237 56.037-9.308 79.469 8.681 25.895-.069 57.704-16.382 74.757 4.298 17.598 2.244 32.575-6.148 44.632C440.202 511.587 389.616 512 346.839 512l-2.845-.001c-48.287-.017-87.806-17.598-119.56-31.725-15.957-7.099-36.821-15.887-52.651-16.178-6.54-.12-11.783-5.457-11.783-11.998v-213.77c0-3.2 1.282-6.271 3.558-8.521 39.614-39.144 56.648-80.587 89.117-113.111 14.804-14.832 20.188-37.236 25.393-58.902C282.515 39.293 291.817 0 312 0c24 0 72 8 72 81.452z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kt-svg-icon-list-text\">Well suited for companies in stable markets<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-iconlist.kt-svg-icon-list-items2041580_823074-68:not(.this-stops-third-party-issues){margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-iconlist.kt-svg-icon-list-items2041580_823074-68 ul.kt-svg-icon-list:not(.this-prevents-issues):not(.this-stops-third-party-issues):not(.tijsloc){margin-top:0px;margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);margin-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-iconlist.kt-svg-icon-list-items2041580_823074-68 ul.kt-svg-icon-list{grid-row-gap:5px;}.wp-block-kadence-iconlist.kt-svg-icon-list-items2041580_823074-68 .kb-svg-icon-wrap{font-size:22px;color:#b9431c;}.wp-block-kadence-iconlist.kt-svg-icon-list-items2041580_823074-68 ul.kt-svg-icon-list .kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap .kt-svg-icon-list-single{margin-right:10px;}.kt-svg-icon-list-items2041580_823074-68 ul.kt-svg-icon-list .kt-svg-icon-list-level-0 .kt-svg-icon-list-single svg{font-size:20px;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-iconlist kt-svg-icon-list-items kt-svg-icon-list-items2041580_823074-68 kt-svg-icon-list-columns-1 alignnone\"><ul class=\"kt-svg-icon-list\"><style>.kt-svg-icon-list-item-2041580_0669be-16 .kt-svg-icon-list-text mark.kt-highlight{background-color:unset;font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<li class=\"wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-2041580_0669be-16\"><span class=\"kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fas_thumbs-down kt-svg-icon-list-single\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\"  fill=\"currentColor\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M0 56v240c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h80c13.255 0 24-10.745 24-24V56c0-13.255-10.745-24-24-24H24C10.745 32 0 42.745 0 56zm40 200c0-13.255 10.745-24 24-24s24 10.745 24 24-10.745 24-24 24-24-10.745-24-24zm272 256c-20.183 0-29.485-39.293-33.931-57.795-5.206-21.666-10.589-44.07-25.393-58.902-32.469-32.524-49.503-73.967-89.117-113.111a11.98 11.98 0 0 1-3.558-8.521V59.901c0-6.541 5.243-11.878 11.783-11.998 15.831-.29 36.694-9.079 52.651-16.178C256.189 17.598 295.709.017 343.995 0h2.844c42.777 0 93.363.413 113.774 29.737 8.392 12.057 10.446 27.034 6.148 44.632 16.312 17.053 25.063 48.863 16.382 74.757 17.544 23.432 19.143 56.132 9.308 79.469l.11.11c11.893 11.949 19.523 31.259 19.439 49.197-.156 30.352-26.157 58.098-59.553 58.098H350.723C358.03 364.34 384 388.132 384 430.548 384 504 336 512 312 512z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kt-svg-icon-list-text\">A simple assumption is made about future earnings, the complexity of a company and its market environment cannot always be fully represented.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n<style>.kt-svg-icon-list-item-2041580_9f5d57-e8 .kt-svg-icon-list-text mark.kt-highlight{background-color:unset;font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<li class=\"wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-2041580_9f5d57-e8\"><span class=\"kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fas_thumbs-down kt-svg-icon-list-single\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\"  fill=\"currentColor\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M0 56v240c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h80c13.255 0 24-10.745 24-24V56c0-13.255-10.745-24-24-24H24C10.745 32 0 42.745 0 56zm40 200c0-13.255 10.745-24 24-24s24 10.745 24 24-10.745 24-24 24-24-10.745-24-24zm272 256c-20.183 0-29.485-39.293-33.931-57.795-5.206-21.666-10.589-44.07-25.393-58.902-32.469-32.524-49.503-73.967-89.117-113.111a11.98 11.98 0 0 1-3.558-8.521V59.901c0-6.541 5.243-11.878 11.783-11.998 15.831-.29 36.694-9.079 52.651-16.178C256.189 17.598 295.709.017 343.995 0h2.844c42.777 0 93.363.413 113.774 29.737 8.392 12.057 10.446 27.034 6.148 44.632 16.312 17.053 25.063 48.863 16.382 74.757 17.544 23.432 19.143 56.132 9.308 79.469l.11.11c11.893 11.949 19.523 31.259 19.439 49.197-.156 30.352-26.157 58.098-59.553 58.098H350.723C358.03 364.34 384 388.132 384 430.548 384 504 336 512 312 512z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kt-svg-icon-list-text\">Risks of the company or possible market fluctuations are neglected <\/span><\/li>\n\n\n<style>.kt-svg-icon-list-item-2041580_59292e-77 .kt-svg-icon-list-text mark.kt-highlight{background-color:unset;font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<li class=\"wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-2041580_59292e-77\"><span class=\"kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fas_thumbs-down kt-svg-icon-list-single\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\"  fill=\"currentColor\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M0 56v240c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h80c13.255 0 24-10.745 24-24V56c0-13.255-10.745-24-24-24H24C10.745 32 0 42.745 0 56zm40 200c0-13.255 10.745-24 24-24s24 10.745 24 24-10.745 24-24 24-24-10.745-24-24zm272 256c-20.183 0-29.485-39.293-33.931-57.795-5.206-21.666-10.589-44.07-25.393-58.902-32.469-32.524-49.503-73.967-89.117-113.111a11.98 11.98 0 0 1-3.558-8.521V59.901c0-6.541 5.243-11.878 11.783-11.998 15.831-.29 36.694-9.079 52.651-16.178C256.189 17.598 295.709.017 343.995 0h2.844c42.777 0 93.363.413 113.774 29.737 8.392 12.057 10.446 27.034 6.148 44.632 16.312 17.053 25.063 48.863 16.382 74.757 17.544 23.432 19.143 56.132 9.308 79.469l.11.11c11.893 11.949 19.523 31.259 19.439 49.197-.156 30.352-26.157 58.098-59.553 58.098H350.723C358.03 364.34 384 388.132 384 430.548 384 504 336 512 312 512z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kt-svg-icon-list-text\">For companies with strongly fluctuating or rapidly growing earnings, this method is too rigid and inaccurate.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n<style>.kt-svg-icon-list-item-2041580_547387-54 .kt-svg-icon-list-text mark.kt-highlight{background-color:unset;font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<li class=\"wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-2041580_547387-54\"><span class=\"kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fas_thumbs-down kt-svg-icon-list-single\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\"  fill=\"currentColor\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M0 56v240c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h80c13.255 0 24-10.745 24-24V56c0-13.255-10.745-24-24-24H24C10.745 32 0 42.745 0 56zm40 200c0-13.255 10.745-24 24-24s24 10.745 24 24-10.745 24-24 24-24-10.745-24-24zm272 256c-20.183 0-29.485-39.293-33.931-57.795-5.206-21.666-10.589-44.07-25.393-58.902-32.469-32.524-49.503-73.967-89.117-113.111a11.98 11.98 0 0 1-3.558-8.521V59.901c0-6.541 5.243-11.878 11.783-11.998 15.831-.29 36.694-9.079 52.651-16.178C256.189 17.598 295.709.017 343.995 0h2.844c42.777 0 93.363.413 113.774 29.737 8.392 12.057 10.446 27.034 6.148 44.632 16.312 17.053 25.063 48.863 16.382 74.757 17.544 23.432 19.143 56.132 9.308 79.469l.11.11c11.893 11.949 19.523 31.259 19.439 49.197-.156 30.352-26.157 58.098-59.553 58.098H350.723C358.03 364.34 384 388.132 384 430.548 384 504 336 512 312 512z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kt-svg-icon-list-text\">Misjudgments in earnings forecasts and the discount rate can lead to incorrect results.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-bedeutung-des-ertragswertverfahrens-in-deutschland\">Significance of the Income Approach in Germany<\/h3>\n\n<p>In Germany, the Income Approach is the most widely used method (IDW S 1). It is the valuation method legally prescribed for company valuation for inheritance and gift tax purposes. The Income Approach is applied accordingly by the tax authorities and enjoys high acceptance in legal disputes. <\/p>\n\n<p>The Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wert ermitteln Betriebsberater im Handwerk (Working Group of Valuation Consultants in the Skilled Trades) has developed the AWH standard for the valuation small and medium-sized skilled trades businesses. It is also based on the Income Approach and is accordingly adapted to the specific characteristics of these companies. For more <a href=\"https:\/\/www.zdh.de\/ueber-uns\/fachbereich-gewerbefoerderung\/betriebsnachfolge\/das-awh-verfahren-zur-bewertung-von-handwerksbetrieben\/\" rel=\"noopener\">information<\/a> on valuation according to the AWH standard, please contact ZdH.  <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-left\" id=\"h-die-discounted-cashflow-verfahren-dcf\">The discounted cash flow (DCF) method  <\/h2>\n\n<p>This method has its origins in classical investment appraisal. Internationally, this is the valuation method with the highest degree of recognition.<\/p>\n\n<p>Theoretically, the DCF method yields the most accurate enterprise value. The crux, however, is the need to project detailed future earnings or cash flows and the corresponding risk-adjusted interest rates (costing rate) to discount them to their present value.<\/p>\n\n<p>The advantage over the Income Approach is its high flexibility, as it is not necessary to assume a single &#8220;sustainable income&#8221;; instead, one can, for example, forecast the development of the earnings situation separately for each of the next 5 years. However, this also increases the complexity and the need for explanation of the evaluation.<\/p>\n\n<p>The DCF method is more suitable for valuing large companies. The starting point is always a business plan for the next 5-7 years. <strong>This method tends to result in higher company values.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p>In contrast to the Income Approach, which uses future earnings as a starting point, here the net cash inflows, so-called cash flows, are considered.<\/p>\n\n<p>A distinction is made between the gross or entity method and the net or equity method. In practice, the majority of companies use the entity method, which is used to determine the enterprise value, i.e. the value of the company including financial liabilities. <\/p>\n\n<p>The free cash flow of the company, including interest on borrowed capital, is discounted to the present day using the weighted average cost of capital of the financial resources tied up in the company. The calculation of the net present value is primarily intended to reflect the operating potential of a company.<\/p>\n\n<p>As far as possible, an entire investment cycle should be considered, as investments in current and fixed assets have a significant impact on cash flows.<\/p>\n\n<p>The forecast of cash flows and the choice of discount factors are adjusting screws with which results can be moved in the desired direction. In order to guarantee the reliability of the results, a sensitivity analysis that shows the influence of changes in the assumptions on the company value is essential. <\/p>\n\n<p>The choice between the DCF method and the Income Approach, given identical assumptions, essentially has no influence on the valuation result. The choice of one of the valuation methods should therefore depend on the target audience and the purpose of the valuation.<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group notepad has-border-color has-background\" style=\"border-color:var(--global-palette3);border-width:1px;border-radius:10px;padding-top:0;background-image:url(&#039;https:\/\/www.nimbo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Example-Notepad-Background.png&#039;);background-position:50% 0;background-size:800px;\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-e3e06330 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\"><style>.kt-svg-icons2041580_bd9464-43 .kt-svg-item-0 .kb-svg-icon-wrap{color:var(--global-palette4, #2D3748);font-size:50px;}.wp-block-kadence-icon.kt-svg-icons2041580_bd9464-43{justify-content:center;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-icon kt-svg-icons kt-svg-icons2041580_bd9464-43 alignnone kb-icon-valign-bottom\"><style>.kt-svg-item-2041580_7f10f0-d8 .kb-svg-icon-wrap, .kt-svg-style-stacked.kt-svg-item-2041580_7f10f0-d8 .kb-svg-icon-wrap{font-size:40px;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-single-icon kt-svg-style-default kt-svg-icon-wrap kt-svg-item-2041580_7f10f0-d8\"><span class=\"kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fe_edit\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"  fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M20 14.66V20a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H4a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V6a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h5.34\"\/><polygon points=\"18 2 22 6 12 16 8 16 8 12 18 2\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Example Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) Method<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<!-- Link to Google Fonts for Caveat font --><link href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Caveat&#038;display=swap\" rel=\"stylesheet\"\/><!-- Style to apply the Caveat font only within the .notepad group --><style>.notepad {\n    font-family: 'Caveat', cursive;\n}\n<\/style>\n\n\n\n<h4>Free Cash Flow (FCF) for Forecast of the Next 3 Years<\/h4>\n<table>\n    <tr>\n        <th><\/th>\n        <th>Forecast Year 1<\/th>\n <th>Forecast Year 2<\/th>\n <th>Forecast Year 3<\/th>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr>\n        <td>Free Cash Flow (FCF)<\/td>\n <td>300,000<\/td>\n <td>330,000<\/td>\n <td>360,000<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n<\/table>\n\n<h4>Calculation of the Discounted Cash Flows and Terminal Value<\/h4>\n\n<p>Discount rate (r) = 10%<\/p>\n<p>Terminal growth rate (g) = 2%<\/p>\n\n<!-- Formula for DCF -->\n<p class=\"formula\">\n  DCF <sub>1<\/sub> =  \n    <span class=\"fraction\">\n        <span class=\"top\">FCF<sub>1<\/sub><\/span>\n <span class=\"bottom\">(1 + r)<sup>1<\/sup><\/span>\n    <\/span>  =  \n    <span class=\"fraction\">\n        <span class=\"top\">300,000<\/span>\n <span class=\"bottom\">1.10<\/span>\n    <\/span>  = 272,727\n<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"formula\">\n  DCF <sub>2<\/sub> =  \n    <span class=\"fraction\">\n        <span class=\"top\">FCF<sub>2<\/sub><\/span>\n <span class=\"bottom\">(1 + r)<sup>2<\/sup><\/span>\n    <\/span>  =  \n    <span class=\"fraction\">\n        <span class=\"top\">330,000<\/span>\n <span class=\"bottom\">(1.10)<sup>2<\/sup><\/span>\n    <\/span>  =  \n    <span class=\"fraction\">\n        <span class=\"top\">330,000<\/span>\n <span class=\"bottom\">1.21<\/span>\n    <\/span>  = 272,727\n<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"formula\">\n  DCF <sub>3<\/sub> =  \n    <span class=\"fraction\">\n        <span class=\"top\">FCF<sub>3<\/sub><\/span>\n <span class=\"bottom\">(1 + r)<sup>3<\/sup><\/span>\n    <\/span>  =  \n    <span class=\"fraction\">\n        <span class=\"top\">360,000<\/span>\n <span class=\"bottom\">(1.10)<sup>3<\/sup><\/span>\n    <\/span>  =  \n    <span class=\"fraction\">\n        <span class=\"top\">360,000<\/span>\n <span class=\"bottom\">1.33<\/span>\n    <\/span>  = 270,676\n<\/p>\n\n<h4>Calculation of the Terminal Value (TV)<\/h4>\n\n<p>The terminal value is calculated as:<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"formula\">\n  TV = \n <span class=\"fraction\">\n <span class=\"top\">FCF<sub>3<\/sub> \u00d7 (1 + g)<\/span>\n <span class=\"bottom\">r &#8211; g<\/span>\n <\/span> = \n <span class=\"fraction\">\n <span class=\"top\">360,000 \u00d7 1.02<\/span>\n <span class=\"bottom\">0.10 &#8211; 0.02<\/span>\n <\/span> = 4,590,000\n<\/p>\n\n<p>The terminal value is then also discounted:<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"formula\">\n  DCF <sub>TV<\/sub> =  \n    <span class=\"fraction\">\n        <span class=\"top\">4,590,000<\/span>\n <span class=\"bottom\">(1 + r)<sup>3<\/sup><\/span>\n    <\/span>  =  \n    <span class=\"fraction\">\n        <span class=\"top\">4,590,000<\/span>\n <span class=\"bottom\">1.33<\/span>\n    <\/span>  = 3,451,128\n<\/p>\n\n<h4>Total Enterprise Value (EV)<\/h4>\n\n<p class=\"formula\">\n  EV = Sum of DCF + DCF<sub>TV<\/sub> = 272,727 + 272,727 + 270,676 + 3,451,128 = 4,267,258\n<\/p>\n\n\n<h4>Calculation of the Equity Value<\/h4>\n\n<p>The equity value is calculated by subtracting net debt from the enterprise value:<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"formula\">\n  Equity value = EV &#8211; Debt + Cash\n<\/p>\n<p>Assuming the company has 500,000 in debt and 200,000 in cash:<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"formula\">\n  Equity value = 4,267,258 &#8211; 500,000 + 200,000 = 3,967,258\n<\/p>\n\n<p>The equity value is therefore 3,967,258.<\/p>\n<p> <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Advantages and Disadvantages of this Method<\/h2>\n<style>.kadence-column2041580_4b5052-66 > .kt-inside-inner-col{display:flex;}.kadence-column2041580_4b5052-66 > .kt-inside-inner-col{padding-top:15px;padding-right:15px;padding-bottom:15px;padding-left:15px;}.kadence-column2041580_4b5052-66 > .kt-inside-inner-col{border-top:1px solid var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-bottom:1px solid var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-left:1px solid var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);}.kadence-column2041580_4b5052-66 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column2041580_4b5052-66 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:15px;border-top-right-radius:15px;border-bottom-right-radius:15px;border-bottom-left-radius:15px;}.kadence-column2041580_4b5052-66 > .kt-inside-inner-col{row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-none, 0rem );column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column2041580_4b5052-66 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column2041580_4b5052-66 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column2041580_4b5052-66 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column2041580_4b5052-66{position:relative;}.kadence-column2041580_4b5052-66, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column2041580_4b5052-66:not(.specificity){margin-top:20px;margin-bottom:20px;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column2041580_4b5052-66 > .kt-inside-inner-col{border-top:1px solid var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-bottom:1px solid var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-left:1px solid var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column2041580_4b5052-66 > .kt-inside-inner-col{border-top:1px solid var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-bottom:1px solid var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-left:1px solid var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column2041580_4b5052-66\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-iconlist.kt-svg-icon-list-items2041580_3a6999-2e:not(.this-stops-third-party-issues){margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-iconlist.kt-svg-icon-list-items2041580_3a6999-2e ul.kt-svg-icon-list:not(.this-prevents-issues):not(.this-stops-third-party-issues):not(.tijsloc){margin-top:0px;margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);margin-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-iconlist.kt-svg-icon-list-items2041580_3a6999-2e ul.kt-svg-icon-list{grid-row-gap:5px;}.wp-block-kadence-iconlist.kt-svg-icon-list-items2041580_3a6999-2e .kb-svg-icon-wrap{font-size:22px;color:var(--global-palette2, #2B6CB0);}.wp-block-kadence-iconlist.kt-svg-icon-list-items2041580_3a6999-2e ul.kt-svg-icon-list .kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap .kt-svg-icon-list-single{margin-right:10px;}.kt-svg-icon-list-items2041580_3a6999-2e ul.kt-svg-icon-list .kt-svg-icon-list-level-0 .kt-svg-icon-list-single svg{font-size:20px;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-iconlist kt-svg-icon-list-items kt-svg-icon-list-items2041580_3a6999-2e kt-svg-icon-list-columns-1 alignnone\"><ul class=\"kt-svg-icon-list\"><style>.kt-svg-icon-list-item-2041580_a65116-12 .kt-svg-icon-list-text mark.kt-highlight{background-color:unset;font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<li class=\"wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-2041580_a65116-12\"><span class=\"kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fas_thumbs-up kt-svg-icon-list-single\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\"  fill=\"currentColor\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M104 224H24c-13.255 0-24 10.745-24 24v240c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h80c13.255 0 24-10.745 24-24V248c0-13.255-10.745-24-24-24zM64 472c-13.255 0-24-10.745-24-24s10.745-24 24-24 24 10.745 24 24-10.745 24-24 24zM384 81.452c0 42.416-25.97 66.208-33.277 94.548h101.723c33.397 0 59.397 27.746 59.553 58.098.084 17.938-7.546 37.249-19.439 49.197l-.11.11c9.836 23.337 8.237 56.037-9.308 79.469 8.681 25.895-.069 57.704-16.382 74.757 4.298 17.598 2.244 32.575-6.148 44.632C440.202 511.587 389.616 512 346.839 512l-2.845-.001c-48.287-.017-87.806-17.598-119.56-31.725-15.957-7.099-36.821-15.887-52.651-16.178-6.54-.12-11.783-5.457-11.783-11.998v-213.77c0-3.2 1.282-6.271 3.558-8.521 39.614-39.144 56.648-80.587 89.117-113.111 14.804-14.832 20.188-37.236 25.393-58.902C282.515 39.293 291.817 0 312 0c24 0 72 8 72 81.452z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kt-svg-icon-list-text\">If the assumptions are realistic, the DCF method offers a relatively objective and well-founded company valuation.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n<style>.kt-svg-icon-list-item-2041580_9e57cc-ce .kt-svg-icon-list-text mark.kt-highlight{background-color:unset;font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<li class=\"wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-2041580_9e57cc-ce\"><span class=\"kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fas_thumbs-up kt-svg-icon-list-single\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\"  fill=\"currentColor\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M104 224H24c-13.255 0-24 10.745-24 24v240c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h80c13.255 0 24-10.745 24-24V248c0-13.255-10.745-24-24-24zM64 472c-13.255 0-24-10.745-24-24s10.745-24 24-24 24 10.745 24 24-10.745 24-24 24zM384 81.452c0 42.416-25.97 66.208-33.277 94.548h101.723c33.397 0 59.397 27.746 59.553 58.098.084 17.938-7.546 37.249-19.439 49.197l-.11.11c9.836 23.337 8.237 56.037-9.308 79.469 8.681 25.895-.069 57.704-16.382 74.757 4.298 17.598 2.244 32.575-6.148 44.632C440.202 511.587 389.616 512 346.839 512l-2.845-.001c-48.287-.017-87.806-17.598-119.56-31.725-15.957-7.099-36.821-15.887-52.651-16.178-6.54-.12-11.783-5.457-11.783-11.998v-213.77c0-3.2 1.282-6.271 3.558-8.521 39.614-39.144 56.648-80.587 89.117-113.111 14.804-14.832 20.188-37.236 25.393-58.902C282.515 39.293 291.817 0 312 0c24 0 72 8 72 81.452z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kt-svg-icon-list-text\">The consideration of future earnings streams is particularly useful for high-growth companies.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n<style>.kt-svg-icon-list-item-2041580_c64ddc-78 .kt-svg-icon-list-text mark.kt-highlight{background-color:unset;font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<li class=\"wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-2041580_c64ddc-78\"><span class=\"kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fas_thumbs-up kt-svg-icon-list-single\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\"  fill=\"currentColor\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M104 224H24c-13.255 0-24 10.745-24 24v240c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h80c13.255 0 24-10.745 24-24V248c0-13.255-10.745-24-24-24zM64 472c-13.255 0-24-10.745-24-24s10.745-24 24-24 24 10.745 24 24-10.745 24-24 24zM384 81.452c0 42.416-25.97 66.208-33.277 94.548h101.723c33.397 0 59.397 27.746 59.553 58.098.084 17.938-7.546 37.249-19.439 49.197l-.11.11c9.836 23.337 8.237 56.037-9.308 79.469 8.681 25.895-.069 57.704-16.382 74.757 4.298 17.598 2.244 32.575-6.148 44.632C440.202 511.587 389.616 512 346.839 512l-2.845-.001c-48.287-.017-87.806-17.598-119.56-31.725-15.957-7.099-36.821-15.887-52.651-16.178-6.54-.12-11.783-5.457-11.783-11.998v-213.77c0-3.2 1.282-6.271 3.558-8.521 39.614-39.144 56.648-80.587 89.117-113.111 14.804-14.832 20.188-37.236 25.393-58.902C282.515 39.293 291.817 0 312 0c24 0 72 8 72 81.452z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kt-svg-icon-list-text\">Oriented towards long-term (future) developments<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-iconlist.kt-svg-icon-list-items2041580_ebfb92-ad:not(.this-stops-third-party-issues){margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-iconlist.kt-svg-icon-list-items2041580_ebfb92-ad ul.kt-svg-icon-list:not(.this-prevents-issues):not(.this-stops-third-party-issues):not(.tijsloc){margin-top:0px;margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);margin-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-iconlist.kt-svg-icon-list-items2041580_ebfb92-ad ul.kt-svg-icon-list{grid-row-gap:5px;}.wp-block-kadence-iconlist.kt-svg-icon-list-items2041580_ebfb92-ad .kb-svg-icon-wrap{font-size:22px;color:#b9431c;}.wp-block-kadence-iconlist.kt-svg-icon-list-items2041580_ebfb92-ad ul.kt-svg-icon-list .kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap .kt-svg-icon-list-single{margin-right:10px;}.kt-svg-icon-list-items2041580_ebfb92-ad ul.kt-svg-icon-list .kt-svg-icon-list-level-0 .kt-svg-icon-list-single svg{font-size:20px;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-iconlist kt-svg-icon-list-items kt-svg-icon-list-items2041580_ebfb92-ad kt-svg-icon-list-columns-1 alignnone\"><ul class=\"kt-svg-icon-list\"><style>.kt-svg-icon-list-item-2041580_21e384-34 .kt-svg-icon-list-text mark.kt-highlight{background-color:unset;font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<li class=\"wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-2041580_21e384-34\"><span class=\"kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fas_thumbs-down kt-svg-icon-list-single\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\"  fill=\"currentColor\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M0 56v240c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h80c13.255 0 24-10.745 24-24V56c0-13.255-10.745-24-24-24H24C10.745 32 0 42.745 0 56zm40 200c0-13.255 10.745-24 24-24s24 10.745 24 24-10.745 24-24 24-24-10.745-24-24zm272 256c-20.183 0-29.485-39.293-33.931-57.795-5.206-21.666-10.589-44.07-25.393-58.902-32.469-32.524-49.503-73.967-89.117-113.111a11.98 11.98 0 0 1-3.558-8.521V59.901c0-6.541 5.243-11.878 11.783-11.998 15.831-.29 36.694-9.079 52.651-16.178C256.189 17.598 295.709.017 343.995 0h2.844c42.777 0 93.363.413 113.774 29.737 8.392 12.057 10.446 27.034 6.148 44.632 16.312 17.053 25.063 48.863 16.382 74.757 17.544 23.432 19.143 56.132 9.308 79.469l.11.11c11.893 11.949 19.523 31.259 19.439 49.197-.156 30.352-26.157 58.098-59.553 58.098H350.723C358.03 364.34 384 388.132 384 430.548 384 504 336 512 312 512z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kt-svg-icon-list-text\">The assumption of an unlimited lifespan of companies is hardly realistic.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n<style>.kt-svg-icon-list-item-2041580_543900-aa .kt-svg-icon-list-text mark.kt-highlight{background-color:unset;font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<li class=\"wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-2041580_543900-aa\"><span class=\"kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fas_thumbs-down kt-svg-icon-list-single\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\"  fill=\"currentColor\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M0 56v240c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h80c13.255 0 24-10.745 24-24V56c0-13.255-10.745-24-24-24H24C10.745 32 0 42.745 0 56zm40 200c0-13.255 10.745-24 24-24s24 10.745 24 24-10.745 24-24 24-24-10.745-24-24zm272 256c-20.183 0-29.485-39.293-33.931-57.795-5.206-21.666-10.589-44.07-25.393-58.902-32.469-32.524-49.503-73.967-89.117-113.111a11.98 11.98 0 0 1-3.558-8.521V59.901c0-6.541 5.243-11.878 11.783-11.998 15.831-.29 36.694-9.079 52.651-16.178C256.189 17.598 295.709.017 343.995 0h2.844c42.777 0 93.363.413 113.774 29.737 8.392 12.057 10.446 27.034 6.148 44.632 16.312 17.053 25.063 48.863 16.382 74.757 17.544 23.432 19.143 56.132 9.308 79.469l.11.11c11.893 11.949 19.523 31.259 19.439 49.197-.156 30.352-26.157 58.098-59.553 58.098H350.723C358.03 364.34 384 388.132 384 430.548 384 504 336 512 312 512z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kt-svg-icon-list-text\">Valuation is based on assumptions and not on facts and is therefore uncertain.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n<style>.kt-svg-icon-list-item-2041580_fbbd7c-e9 .kt-svg-icon-list-text mark.kt-highlight{background-color:unset;font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<li class=\"wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-2041580_fbbd7c-e9\"><span class=\"kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fas_thumbs-down kt-svg-icon-list-single\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\"  fill=\"currentColor\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M0 56v240c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h80c13.255 0 24-10.745 24-24V56c0-13.255-10.745-24-24-24H24C10.745 32 0 42.745 0 56zm40 200c0-13.255 10.745-24 24-24s24 10.745 24 24-10.745 24-24 24-24-10.745-24-24zm272 256c-20.183 0-29.485-39.293-33.931-57.795-5.206-21.666-10.589-44.07-25.393-58.902-32.469-32.524-49.503-73.967-89.117-113.111a11.98 11.98 0 0 1-3.558-8.521V59.901c0-6.541 5.243-11.878 11.783-11.998 15.831-.29 36.694-9.079 52.651-16.178C256.189 17.598 295.709.017 343.995 0h2.844c42.777 0 93.363.413 113.774 29.737 8.392 12.057 10.446 27.034 6.148 44.632 16.312 17.053 25.063 48.863 16.382 74.757 17.544 23.432 19.143 56.132 9.308 79.469l.11.11c11.893 11.949 19.523 31.259 19.439 49.197-.156 30.352-26.157 58.098-59.553 58.098H350.723C358.03 364.34 384 388.132 384 430.548 384 504 336 512 312 512z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kt-svg-icon-list-text\">The calculation is complicated and requires many assumptions; small changes in the assumptions (e.g. growth rates, discount rates) can lead to significant differences in the result.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n<style>.kt-svg-icon-list-item-2041580_df6204-9d .kt-svg-icon-list-text mark.kt-highlight{background-color:unset;font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<li class=\"wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-2041580_df6204-9d\"><span class=\"kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fas_thumbs-down kt-svg-icon-list-single\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\"  fill=\"currentColor\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M0 56v240c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h80c13.255 0 24-10.745 24-24V56c0-13.255-10.745-24-24-24H24C10.745 32 0 42.745 0 56zm40 200c0-13.255 10.745-24 24-24s24 10.745 24 24-10.745 24-24 24-24-10.745-24-24zm272 256c-20.183 0-29.485-39.293-33.931-57.795-5.206-21.666-10.589-44.07-25.393-58.902-32.469-32.524-49.503-73.967-89.117-113.111a11.98 11.98 0 0 1-3.558-8.521V59.901c0-6.541 5.243-11.878 11.783-11.998 15.831-.29 36.694-9.079 52.651-16.178C256.189 17.598 295.709.017 343.995 0h2.844c42.777 0 93.363.413 113.774 29.737 8.392 12.057 10.446 27.034 6.148 44.632 16.312 17.053 25.063 48.863 16.382 74.757 17.544 23.432 19.143 56.132 9.308 79.469l.11.11c11.893 11.949 19.523 31.259 19.439 49.197-.156 30.352-26.157 58.098-59.553 58.098H350.723C358.03 364.34 384 388.132 384 430.548 384 504 336 512 312 512z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kt-svg-icon-list-text\">Not suitable for companies with fluctuating cash flow<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-left\" id=\"h-verschiedene-mittelwertmethoden-mischverfahren\">Various averaging methods \/ mixing methods<\/h2>\n\n<p>Due to the estimation of values, the Income Approach is associated with uncertainties. The combination methods also include the substance of the company in their valuation.<\/p>\n\n<p>The idea behind mean value methods is to include both past and future expectations and risks. This leads to a high level of acceptance, also and especially among companies in the SME sector. Commercial and craft enterprises and companies from the manufacturing industry use it for planned transactions, but it is also frequently used for family-internal succession arrangements.<\/p>\n\n<p>The result is based on the weighted average of net asset value (NAV) and income value. Weighted usually means that double the income value is added to the net asset value (NAV). The result divided by three and increased by the non-operating assets gives the enterprise value. However, alternative methods are also used in which the shares of substance and income in the total value are weighted differently.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-das-mittelwert-verfahren-oder-berliner-verfahren\">The mean value method or Berlin method<\/h3>\n\n<p>In the Average Value or Berlin Method, the arithmetic mean of the income value and net asset value (NAV) is formed. It is based on the idea that companies with low substance and high earnings are typically exposed to high competitive pressure, which will foreseeably reduce these earnings in the future.  <\/p>\n\n<p>Valuation = (income value + net asset value (NAV)) \/ 2<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-das-wiener-verfahren\">The Vienna procedure<\/h3>\n\n<p>In the Vienna Method, the arithmetic mean of the income value and net asset value (NAV) (asset value) is also calculated. However, the calculation of these two values differs, for example, from the Berlin method.  <\/p>\n\n<p>The lump-sum approach to the most difficult factors to determine makes the Vienna procedure a simplified procedure. The capitalization rate is set at nine percent. The uncertain forecast of future earnings is circumvented by taking the average of the last three financial years. The Vienna method is often used as an alternative procedure when parties cannot agree on other valuation methods.<\/p>\n\n<p>Valuation = (income value + net asset value (NAV)) \/ 2<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-die-bergewinn-methode\">The excess profit method<\/h3>\n\n<p>The Excess Earnings Method is another average value method and is based on the assumption that, in the long run, profit only corresponds to an adequate return on net asset value (NAV).<\/p>\n\n<p>As a consequence of the consideration that higher profit margins recede over time, excess profits that exceed the normal rate of return are capitalized at a higher rate of interest. Factors that may be responsible for a decline in profits include a worsening economy, increased competition, or the like.<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group notepad has-border-color has-background\" style=\"border-color:var(--global-palette3);border-width:1px;border-radius:10px;padding-top:0;background-image:url(&#039;https:\/\/www.nimbo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Example-Notepad-Background.png&#039;);background-position:50% 0;background-size:800px;\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-e3e06330 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\"><style>.kt-svg-icons2041580_153ccf-40 .kt-svg-item-0 .kb-svg-icon-wrap{color:var(--global-palette4, #2D3748);font-size:50px;}.wp-block-kadence-icon.kt-svg-icons2041580_153ccf-40{justify-content:center;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-icon kt-svg-icons kt-svg-icons2041580_153ccf-40 alignnone kb-icon-valign-bottom\"><style>.kt-svg-item-2041580_9079c4-d5 .kb-svg-icon-wrap, .kt-svg-style-stacked.kt-svg-item-2041580_9079c4-d5 .kb-svg-icon-wrap{font-size:40px;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-single-icon kt-svg-style-default kt-svg-icon-wrap kt-svg-item-2041580_9079c4-d5\"><span class=\"kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fe_edit\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"  fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M20 14.66V20a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H4a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V6a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h5.34\"\/><polygon points=\"18 2 22 6 12 16 8 16 8 12 18 2\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Example Calculation Excess Profit Method<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<!-- Link to Google Fonts for Caveat font --><link href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Caveat&#038;display=swap\" rel=\"stylesheet\"\/><!-- Style to apply the Caveat font only within the .notepad group --><style>.notepad {\n    font-family: 'Caveat', cursive;\n}\n<\/style>\n\n\n\n\n<div>\n<p><\/p>\n        \n            <h4>Example assumptions:<\/h4>\n            <p>Two things need to be established for the valuation:<\/p>\n            <p>1. The amount of the interest rate at which the net asset value (NAV) yields a sustainable return (&#8220;normal interest rate&#8221;).<\/p>\n            <p>2. The number of years for which the excess earnings should apply, which are added to the net asset value (NAV).<\/p>\n            <p><\/p>\n<p>The return on the net asset value (NAV) tied up in the company at replacement costs at the normal interest rate is deducted from the actual profit. These &#8220;excess earnings&#8221; exceeding the normal return are attributed to the net asset value (NAV) over a certain number of years.  As a rule, a period of 3-8 years is used.<\/p>\n        \n            <h4>Rating<\/h4>\n            <p>= net asset value (NAV) + present value of excess earnings<\/p>\n<p>= net asset value (NAV) + number of years with excess earnings x (profit \u2013 (normal interest rate x net asset value (NAV))) <\/p>\n <p>= Numerical example: 1,000,000 + 3 x (200,000 \u2013 (10% x 1,000,000)) = 1,300,000<\/p>\n\n\n        <\/div>   \n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-die-schweizer-methode-oder-die-praktiker-methode\">The Swiss Method or the Practitioner Method<\/h3>\n\n<p>The practitioner method is easy to understand and follow and is often considered the first point of reference on both the buyer and seller side.  <\/p>\n\n<p>For successful companies, the practitioner method results in very conservative, low values for the company.  <\/p>\n\n<p>The Swiss tax administration also uses this valuation method. It calculates with a capitalization rate of 9.5%. <\/p>\n\n<p>Valuation = 2\/3 x income value + 1\/3 net asset value (NAV)<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Stuttgart procedure<\/h3>\n\n<p>In the Stuttgart Method, the value of a company results from the sum of the net asset value (NAV) and the income value. This procedure was primarily used to determine the company value of unlisted companies in the event of inheritance or donations. As this procedure is no longer up to date, it was abolished in 2009.  <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-left\" id=\"h-sonderf-lle\">Special cases<\/h2>\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-theme-palette-3-color has-css-opacity has-theme-palette-3-background-color has-background is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-sonderfall-bewertung-von-startups\">Special Case: Low Earnings with a Lot of Substance<\/h3>\n\n<p>The Schnettler Method addresses the special case of low-profit or unprofitable companies with a high net asset value (NAV) that do not adequately remunerate their assets. It is a hybrid method combining net asset value (NAV) and income value. <\/p>\n\n<p>The depreciation of the high level of property, plant and equipment results in accounting losses. A buyer would capitalize the tangible fixed assets at reduced replacement costs, which would reduce depreciation and consequently increase the income value.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-left\" id=\"fragen-antworten\">Frequently asked questions<\/h2>\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list \">\n<div id=\"faq-question-1652363743106\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Which is the best method for company valuation? <\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Depending on the valuationand the phase the company is in, one or the other method may be more appropriate. We recommend going through several methods to get a feel for what range the value is within. Nimbo works with the multiple method.  <\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1653998372670\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">How does the Multiple Method work?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>This method requires recently achieved prices from comparable companies as a basis for calculation. One examines for what multiple (&#8220;multiple&#8221;, &#8220;multiplier&#8221;) these companies were sold and applies this factor to the company to be valued. Multiples can, for example, be multiples of operating profit (&#8220;EBIT multiple&#8221;), earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA multiple) or sales (&#8220;sales multiple&#8221;).  <\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1652365128769\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Which method is used to evaluate a start-up?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>With a start-up that is not yet making a profit and is growing strongly, you are valuing a promise for the future. The DCF method can be applied to business plans of start-ups. The discount rate used for this purpose is derived from the investors&#8217; expected return.  <\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1654005416895\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">For whom is the multiple method (multiplier method) suitable?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>This method is primarily suitable for profitable companies that have been in existence for some time. Here, a multi-year profit trend can be used as a basis for valuation. The more stable the empirical values, the more meaningful the result. This method is not suitable for companies that are making losses or are in a strong growth phase.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The four most important methods for calculating company value for small and medium-sized enterprises are the Multiple method, the asset-based approach, the Income Approach, and the DCF method. Here&#8217;s what you need to know about each method. Simply explained and with examples. The Multiple Method For an overview of our current market data on valuation&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1003,"featured_media":2042640,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[400147],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2042077","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-leitfaden-en"],"taxonomy_info":{"category":[{"value":400147,"label":"Leitfaden"}]},"featured_image_src_large":["https:\/\/www.nimbo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/5d30b543-5578-4167-ba10-ba50298c3f8a.png",1024,1024,false],"author_info":{"display_name":"Marc Uhlmann","author_link":"https:\/\/www.nimbo.net\/en\/author\/marc"},"comment_info":0,"category_info":[{"term_id":400147,"name":"Leitfaden","slug":"leitfaden-en","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":2000147,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":0,"count":3,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":400147,"category_count":3,"category_description":"","cat_name":"Leitfaden","category_nicename":"leitfaden-en","category_parent":0}],"tag_info":false,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nimbo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2042077","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nimbo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nimbo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nimbo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1003"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nimbo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2042077"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.nimbo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2042077\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nimbo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2042640"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nimbo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2042077"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nimbo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2042077"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nimbo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2042077"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}